Dominique Chathuant - Histoire contemporaine - Tag - Note Linard (dite circulaire -)
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2023-10-21T16:37:04+02:00
Dominique Chathuant
urn:md5:20846b070997598f38e4a78348a37798
Dotclear
[2014] Connexions et circulations : l'assimilationnisme dans un conflit mondialisé (1914-1919)
urn:md5:b3faa2760f2ffaf1a7f99da8b830682d
2014-10-10T21:53:00+01:00
Dominique Chathuant
Articles de revues à comités de lecture
AntiaméricanismeAssimilationnismeCandaceCitoyennetéColonisationEgalitarisme républicainFrançais de couleurGrande guerreHistoire connectéeIdentité nationaleLagrosillièreLégislation antiracisteMicro-histoireMondialisation culturelleNote Linard (dite circulaire -)Première guerre mondialeRaceRené-BoisneufSégrégationTroisième République
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify"><span><a hreflang="fr" href="http://www.erudit.org/revue/bshg/2014/v/n168/index.html"><img alt="" src="http://dchathuant.blog.free.fr/public/.Aff-40x60-op_mini_m.jpg" /></a><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify"><span>Témoin des circulations culturelles des périphéries coloniales vers le centre et entre ces périphéries, la culture politique assimilationniste portée par les élus des vieilles colonies explique l'action de ces derniers en faveur d'une application outre-mer de la législation sur la conscription. En quelques mois, l'entrée en guerre donne tout son sens à la notion d'impôt du sang. Dès 1914, se diffuse dans l'empire cette culture assimilationniste liant aspiration égalitaire et conscription. Mais le contact multipolaire entre métropolitains, coloniaux et alliés confronte tous les acteurs à la question de la race, porteuse d'interrogations sur l'Homme, sur la nation et sur la citoyenneté. La culture politique américaine agit ainsi en perturbateur de l'interaction assimilationniste entre métropole et aspirations civiques coloniales. Les réponses de la République aux interventions d'élus comme Achille René-Boisneuf, Joseph Lagrosillière et Blaise Diagne donnent la mesure de ce qu'on est prêt à concéder, au moins en principes officiels. C'est à la fois peu sur le terrain, assez pour entretenir les espérances et beaucoup, vu du côté américain.</span></p>
<p><strong>Réf</strong> : Dominique Chathuant, « Connexions et circulations : l'assimilationnisme dans un conflit mondialisé (1914-1919) », Actes du colloque " La Caraïbe et la Première guerre mondiale " (Basse-Terre, 20-21 mai 2014),<a href lang="fr" href="http://www.erudit.org/revue/bshg/2014/v/n168/index.html"><em>Bulletin de la Société d’histoire de la Guadeloupe</em>, n° 168</a>, mai-août 2014, p. 108-132. Numéro signalé dans la revue <img alt="l'Histoire" src="http://www.histoire.presse.fr/" /> en novembre 2014 (désormais disponible en accès libre sur <a href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/bshg/2014-n168-bshg01537/1026848ar.pdf">erudit.org</a>)</p>
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<![endif]--><strong>I - Circulations transcoloniales </strong></m:narylim></m:intlim></m:wrapindent></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></p>
<ul><li>Un assimilationnisme africain</li>
<li>La mission Diagne : les grandes espérances</li>
</ul>
<p><m:smallfrac m:val="off"><m:dispdef><m:lmargin m:val="0"><m:rmargin m:val="0"><m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"><m:wrapindent m:val="1440"><m:intlim m:val="subSup"><m:narylim m:val="undOvr"><strong>II – S’accommoder de Jim Crow en France</strong></m:narylim></m:intlim></m:wrapindent></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></p>
<ul><li>La note Linard : éviter d'indisposer l’allié américain </li>
<li>Tensions franco-américaines en zone civile</li>
<li>Un Guadeloupéen assassiné par un MP</li>
</ul>
<p><m:smallfrac m:val="off"><m:dispdef><m:lmargin m:val="0"><m:rmargin m:val="0"><m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"><m:wrapindent m:val="1440"><m:intlim m:val="subSup"><m:narylim m:val="undOvr"><strong>III – De l’anomalie à la norme</strong></m:narylim></m:intlim></m:wrapindent></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></p>
<ul><li>La victime était des nôtres</li>
<li>Les « sauvages blancs américains »</li>
<li>Expériences africaines-américaines de la France</li>
<li>La note Linard dénoncée</li>
</ul>
<p><m:smallfrac m:val="off"><m:dispdef><m:lmargin m:val="0"><m:rmargin m:val="0"><m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"><m:wrapindent m:val="1440"><m:intlim m:val="subSup"><m:narylim m:val="undOvr"><strong>Annexe</strong> - Le monument aux morts de Port-Louis et le Nègre-Dardanelles : de la mémoire à l’histoire.</m:narylim></m:intlim></m:wrapindent></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></p>
<p style=" dans un conflit mondialisé (1914-1919) »,<em> Bulletin de la Société d’histoire de la
Guadeloupe</em>, Actes du colloque international 2014 de Basse-Terre :
<p><strong>Disponible</strong> : Société d'histoire de la Guadeloupe, shg<ins>[arobace]</ins>wanadoo.fr, SHG, BP 74, 97102 BASSE-TERRE, ISSN 0583-8266, chèque bancaire 15 €, frais de port : 5 €. Téléchargeable après parution sur <a href lang=" fr"="" href="http://www.erudit.org/revue/bshg/2014/v/n166-167/1023735ar.html?vue=resume&mode=restriction"><a href="http://dchathuant.blog.free.fr/index.php?post/2022/12/01/" lang="fr">http://www.erudit.org</a>.</p>
<h1>-----</h1>
<h1><strong>Sommaire du numéro :</strong></h1>
<p><strong>Actes du colloque : « LA CARAÏBE ET LA PREMIÈRE GUERRE MONDIALE », Basse-Terre 19-20 mai 2014</strong></p>
<p>Préface</p>
<p>Pascale FORESTIER : La citoyenneté en guerre ? Le parcours des soldats guadeloupéens pendant la guerre 3</p>
<p>Sabine ANDRIVON-MILTON : Les femmes martiniquaises pendant la Grande Guerre 21</p>
<p>Franck KACY : Marie-Galante : une petite « dépendance » guadeloupéenne à l’épreuve de la Grande guerre (1914-1918) 29</p>
<p>Philippe MIOCHE : Une histoire presque tranquille : L’usine de Beauport en Guadeloupe pendant la Première Guerre mondiale 59</p>
<p>Gérard LAFLEUR : La première Guerre Mondiale en Guadeloupe à travers la presse locale 75</p>
<p>Jacqueline ZONZON : La Première Guerre mondiale en Guyane : valorisation pédagogique 97</p>
<p>Dominique CHATHUANT : Connexions et circulations : l’assimilationnisme dans un conflit mondialisé (1914-1919) 105</p>
<p>Jacques DUMONT : La figure de l’ennemi : les Antilles, les Allemands, et la première guerre mondiale 135</p>
<p>Anne LEBEL : De la difficulté de compter les soldats guadeloupéens morts pour la France pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale 153</p>
<p>Séverine LABORIE : Éléments remarquables de la commémoration des morts de la guerre 14-18 : Les monuments aux morts de Guadeloupe 169</p>
<p>Jacques ADELAÏDE-MERLANDE : Au lendemain de la Première Guerre Mondiale, la France pense-t-elle céder les Antilles françaises aux États-Unis ? 199</p>
<p>Alan McPHERSON : The First World War and the Decline of US Empire in the Caribbean 203</p>
<p><strong>Communications présentées au 46ème colloque de l’Association des historiens de la Caraïbe : Martinique, 11-15 mai 2014</strong></p>
<p>Gusti-Klara GAILLARD-POURCHET : La Première Guerre mondiale et l’influence française en Haïti 221</p>
<p>Anne LEBEL : Comment écrire l’histoire des soldats guadeloupéens morts pour la France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale ? 235</p>
<p>Activités de la Société d’histoire de la Guadeloupe 247</p>
[2010] Français de couleur contre métèques (1919-1939)
urn:md5:96cbcaca429f815438e039a20980d62d
2010-06-13T23:31:00+01:00
dominique chathuant
Articles de revues à comités de lecture
Américains en FranceAntiaméricanismeCandaceColonisationDiagneFrançais de couleurGermanophobieIdentité nationaleLagrosillièreLégislation antiracisteNote Linard (dite circulaire -)PoincaréPost-colonialRaceRené-BoisneufSarraut (Albert)SatineauTroisième RépubliqueXénophobie
<p><img src="http://dchathuant.blog.free.fr/public/.Doc_2___Extrait_de_La_Voix_du_Peuple45__m.jpg" alt="La Voix du peuple, 12 août 1939" style="float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" title="La Voix du peuple, 12 août 1939" />
</p>
<p align="JUSTIFY">Cet article d'environ 40000 signes est consacré à
l'action des députés coloniaux en métropole, dans des affaires de
discrimination raciale, alors que la France était dépourvue de
législation antiraciste comparable à la loi Pleven de 1972 (actuel
art. 225-2 du Code pénal). Anciens combattants noirs expulsés d'un
bus touristique à destination des champs de bataille et ruines de
Reims, refus de servir un client noir dans un établissement de
Paris, les députés interviennent contre ces pratiques en
construisant la notion de Français de couleur. Ils s'appuient
parfois sur des arguments xénophobes en opposant leur identité
française au caractère étranger de ceux qui sont accusés d'être
à l'origine du préjugé de race : soldats puis touristes
américains en 1919-1923, idéologie nazie en 1939.</p>
<p align="JUSTIFY">NB : au moment où cet article fut publié, je n'avais pas encore mis en doute la qualité de soldat de Saint-Éloi ÉTILCE, laquelle semblait une évidence de la tradition orale et de l'historiographie guadeloupéennes sachant qu'un nom est tout de même gravé sur un monument aux morts. Cette erreur est corrigée dans les actes du <a hreflang="fr" href="http://dchathuant.blog.free.fr/index.php?post/2022/12/01/[2014]-Connexions-et-circulations-%3A-l-assimilationnisme-dans-un-conflit-mondialis%C3%A9-%281914-1919%29">colloque de Basse-Terre publié en 2014</a> et du <a hreflang="fr" href="http://dchathuant.blog.free.fr/index.php?post/2014/04/18/%5B2014-2015%5D-Prochains-publications">colloque de Reims, publié en 2016</a>. </p>
<p><strong>Réf</strong> : Dominique Chathuant, « Français de couleur contre
métèques : les députés coloniaux contre le préjugé racial
(1919-1939) », <a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2010_num_97_366_4464">Outre-mers,
revue d’histoire (ex. RFHOM)</a>, T. 98, n°366-367, 1er sem. 2010,
p. 239-253.</p>
[2009] Une élite politique noire dans la France du premier 20e siècle ?
urn:md5:49654188bf5f52ceca49eba47ecd2b6c
2009-01-06T23:20:00+00:00
dominique chathuant
Articles de revues à comités de lecture
CandaceColonisationDiagneEgalitarisme républicainGalandou-DioufIdentité nationaleLagrosillièreLICAMonnervilleNote Linard (dite circulaire -)RaceRené-BoisneufTroisième République
<p><img src="http://dchathuant.blog.free.fr/public/diagnesennep1926.gif" alt="Diagne par Sennep (1928)" style="float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" title="Diagne par Sennep (1928" />
</p>
<p align="JUSTIFY">Alors que le fait colonial s'est largement appuyé
sur le principe de l'infériorité du colonisé, on peut observer
dans la France de la première partie du 20e siècle l'émergence
d'élites politiques noires, en vertu d'un processus d'intégration
entamé dès 1794. Conscientes de la fragilité de leur situation
dans un monde menaçant, ces élites sont d'abord porteuses d'un
discours assimilationniste pour qui la conscription constitue la
première étape vers une consolidation de la citoyenneté.
Solidaires dans ces revendications,elles exaltent les valeurs
universalistes et égalitaires d'une France idéalisée dont le
modèle s'oppose à une réalité raciste qui ne peut être inspirée
que de l'étranger. Hostiles au garveyisme et à tout repli racial,
ces élites sont généralement mais pas systématiquement associées
à une image de sauvagerie domestiquée. Leur antiracisme est soutenu
par le pouvoir lorsque le contexte diplomatique le permet et quand
cela sert l'impératif de cohésion nationale et impériale.</p>
<hr />
<p align="JUSTIFY"><strong><span lang="en-GB">The emergence of Black
political elites in France during the first half of the 20th century</span></strong></p>
<p lang="en-GB" align="JUSTIFY">Although colonization was widely based
on the principle of inferiority of the colonized, the emergence of
Black political elites can be observed in the beginning of the 20th
century, after an integration process which started in 1794. Those
elites, who were conscious of the weak foundations of their situation
in a dangerous world, praised an assimilationist discourse in which
conscription appeared as the first step on the way to a stronger
citizenship. Showing solidarity in their grievances, they stirred the
universalistic and egalitarian values of an idealized France, the
pattern of which was opposed to racist realities that only foreigners
could inspire. Those elites, who remained hostile to garveyism and
any kind of racial withdrawal, were generally associated with
domesticated wilderness. Their antiracism was backed by the political
power when the diplomatic situation permitted it and if that could
promote national and imperial cohesiveness. English abstract by M. O. Affilal © </p>
<p align="JUSTIFY"><strong>Réf : Dominique Chathuant, « Une élite politique noire dans la France du premier 20e siècle?»</strong><a href="http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=VING_101_0133">,</a> <em>Vingtième siècle. Revue d’Histoire</em>,
n°101, janvier-mars 2009, Presses de Sciences Po, p. 133-148.</p>
<a href="http://www.scienceshumaines.com/aux-origines-d-une-elite-politique-noire_fr_23428.html" hreflang="fr">[Commentaires sur Sciences humaines</a>] <a href="http://www.franceculture.fr/blog-quai-de-seine-2009-01-26-la-france-pionni%C3%A8re-de-la-diversit%C3%A9%E2%80%A6-sous-la-troisi%C3%A8me-r%C3%A9publique.html" hreflang="fr">[Blog de Jean Lebrun de France-Culture</a>] <a href="http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2009/02_france_vaisse.aspx" hreflang="fr">[Brève allusion de Justin Vaïsse dans <em>le Débat</em> </a>] .